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爱德华·蒙克

爱德华·蒙克沉思
1863年12月12日出生于挪威雷登在奥斯陆长大。
1879年为成为一名工程师而进工学院念书受印象主义画风的影响,然而,频繁的患病中断了他的学业。
1880年为了成为一名画家而离开工学院。
1881年考进了奥斯陆皇家艺术和设计学院,他的老师是雕刻家朱利厄斯·米德尔顿和自然主义画家克里斯蒂安·克罗格。
1885年前往巴黎。作品一开始是印象派,接着是后期印象派,然後是新艺术造型。
1889年改用传统的画法创作《病孩》,变体画《春》,从而获得奖学金去法国留学,从师L.博纳。
1890年创作油画《圣克卢之夜》。
1892年创作油画《卡尔。约翰街的夜晚》。同年应邀参加柏林艺术家联盟在11月份举行的画展。
1893年12月在柏林著名的菩提树下大街开画展。展出六幅画作《风暴》《月光》《星夜》《玫瑰与阿美莉》《吸血鬼》《病室里的死亡》。
1894年“生命的时代”加进了《焦躁》《灰烬》《圣母》和《女人三阶段》作品集。同年开始从事版画创作,在木刻、石版、铜版画方面,都有独特的创造,代表作《生命》。
1909年回到挪威,更多地表现出对大自然的兴趣,作品变得更富于色彩,减少了悲观的成分。
他向奥斯陆捐赠了1000幅油画,15400张版画,4500件素描和水彩画,还有6件雕刻作品。后来为纪念爱德华·蒙克,建造了爱德华·蒙克美术馆。
爱德华·蒙克一开始是印象派,接着是后期印象派,然后是新艺术造型。爱德华·蒙克的绘画尽管风格上是以后期印象派为主,但在主题上却是象征派,其绘画内容在于刻画内心世界,而不是外在现实。
1892年至1908年间,爱德华·蒙克多数时间都在巴黎和柏林度过,爱德华·蒙克因铜版画、石版画和木版画的表现成就出名了。在世纪之交期间的柏林,爱德华·蒙克开始用新的素材(照相、石版印刷和木版画),凭著记忆来复制过去的作品。
伟大的挪威画家,现代表现主义绘画的先驱。爱德华·蒙克是具有世界声誉的挪威艺术家,他的绘画带有强烈的主观性和悲伤压抑的情调。毕加索、马蒂斯就曾吸收他的艺术养料,德国和法国的一些艺术家也从他的作品中得到启发。他对心理苦闷的强烈的,呼唤式的处理手法对20世纪初德国表现主义的成长起了主要的影响。

个人生活编辑本段

家庭生活

爱德华·爱德华·蒙克是画家雅各布·爱德华·蒙克和历史学家彼得·安德烈·爱德华·蒙克的亲戚。母亲劳拉在1868年死于肺结核,母亲死后小爱德华·蒙克由父亲克里斯蒂安·爱德华·蒙克单独抚养。父亲是位医生,笃信基督教。幼年丧母,姐姐被肺病夺去生命,妹妹患精神病,童年时代的不幸对其一生的创作有深刻的影响。

健康状况

1908年秋在丹尼尔·贾可布逊博士的诊所住院接受治疗。
1944年1月23日于奥斯陆附近的艾可利与世长辞。

人物影响编辑本段

在当时哲学和美学思潮影响下,他努力发掘人类心灵中的各种状况,表现疾病、死亡、绝望、情爱等主题。因此,他的创作有“心灵的现实主义”的称号。由于受到保守势力的攻击,很快被封闭,但对德国青年画家以很大的刺激,推动了表现主义运动的产生。

个人作品编辑本段

作品名
年份
Øvre Foss
1880
Small Lake with Boat
1880
Horse and Wagon in front of Farm Buildings
1880
Autumn Work in the Field
1880
Landscape with Woman Walking by a Lake
1880
Landscape with Trees and Water
1880
Autumn in the Forest
1880
Horse and Cart on a Country Road
1880
Still Life with Pipe and Bibles
1880
View from Fossveien
1880-81
View from Fossveien
1881
Winter Landscape with House and Red Sky
1881
Potted Plant on the Window-Sill
1881-82
Potted Plant
1881-82
The Living-Room of the Misses Munch in Pilestredet 61
1881
From Vestre Aker
1881
Hakloa in Maridalen
1881
Maridalsveien in Nydalen
1881
Houses in Maridalen
1881
From Maridalen
1881
Akerselva
1881
Landscape with Woman and Child
1881
Landscape with a Small House and Two People
1881
Landscape with Lake and Forest
1881
From Bunnefjorden
1881
From Sandvika
1881
Man Rowing towards Land
1881
Bay with Boat and House
1881
Man and Woman in Boat
1881
Fisherman by the Water
1881
Christian Munch on the Couch
1881
Christian Munch on the Couch
1881
Study of a Landscape
1881
View of Grüner's Garden
1881
Gamle Aker Church
1881-82
Gamle Aker Church
1881
Gamle Aker Church
1881
Gamle Aker Church
1881
View from Fossveien 7 towards Bergfjerdingen
1881
People on the Road in Wet Snow
1881
Goblin with Christmas Porridge
1881
Still Life with Jar, Apple, Walnut and Coconut
1881
Øvre Foss in Winter
1881-82
Boy in Snow
1881-82
View of the City on a Winter's Day
1882
Self-Portrait
1882
Laura Munch
1882
Laura Munch
1882
Olaf Rye's Square towards South East
1882
View across Olaf Rye's Square
1882
Olaf Rye's Square towards South East
1882
Landscape with Waterfall and House
1882
Evening Atmosphere at Sea
1882
Landscape with a Small Waterfall
1882
Spring Landscape
1882
Stream in Spring
1882
Karen Bjølstad
1882-83
Man's Head with Beard
1882-83
The Errand Boy
1882-84
Garden with Red House
1882
Garden with Red House
1882
By the Garden Table
1882
Akerselva by Slåmotgangen
1882
Inger by the Window
1882
Akerselva by Nedre Foss
1882
Akerselva
1882
Birch Trees with Woman Walking
1882
Birch Trees in the Autumn
1882
From Vestre Aker
1882
Birch Trees and Man Carrying Twigs
1882
Autumn in Vestre Aker
1882
Woman on a Country Lane
1882
Two Boys on a Country Lane
1882
Thorvald Torgersen
1882
Thorvald Torgersen
1882
Head of a Boy
1882
Andreas Reading
1882
Andreas Reading
1882
Andreas Reading
1882
Self-Portrait
1882
Drive at Vaterland
1882
From Saxegårdsgate
1882
Laura Munch
1883
Otto Linthoe
1883
Study of a Man's Head
1883
Study of an Old Man's Head
1883
Head of an Old Man with Beard
1883
Study of an Old Man's Head
1883
Afternoon at Olaf Rye's Square
1883
Street Corner on Karl Johan, Grand Café
1883
Christian Munch on the Couch
1883
Landscape from Asker
1883
Autumn in Asker
1883
Andreas by the Window
1883
Andreas Reading
1883
The Dome of Trinity Church
1883
Study of a Head
1883
Early in the Morning
1883
Andreas Singdahlsen
1883
Hjalmar Borgstrøm
1883
Portrait of a Woman
1883
Karen Bjølstad in the Rocking Chair
1883
Around the Paraffin Lamp
1883
At the Coffee Table
1883
At Supper
1883
The Infirmary at Helgelandsmoen
1884
Fence in the Forest
1884
Two People on the Way to the Forest
1884
Morning
1884
Christian Munch
1884
Portrait Studies
1884
Inger Munch in Black
1884
Street in Winter
1885
Ball
1885
Tête-à-tête
1885
Karl Johan
1885
Girl's Head
1885
Dagny Konow
1885
Study of an Old Man's Head
1885
Fredrik Lidemark
1885
Karl Jensen-Hjell
1885
Klemens Stang
1885
Christian Munch with Pipe
1885
Karen Bjølstad
1885
Jørgen Sørensen
1885
Andreas Munch
1885
Cabaret
1885
The Sickroom
1885
The Sick Child
1885
Red-Haired Girl with White Rat
1886
Girl at the Piano
1886
Self-Portrait
1886
Andreas Munch Studying Anatomy
1886
Afternoon Nap
1886
Boat with Three Boys
1886
Man on the Veranda
1886
From Hisøya near Arendal
1886
Woman and Children in Arendal
1886
Thorvald Torgersen
1886
Puberty
1886
The Day After
1886
Seated Young Girl
1887
Betzy Nilsen
1887
Halvard Stub Holmboe
1887
Jacob Torkildsen
1887
Forest Landscape with Small Lake
1887
Veierland near Tønsberg
1887
Two Men by the Window
1887
Law
1887
Kristiania Bohemians
1887
Self-Portrait
1888
Marius Selmer
1888
Bendix Lange
1888
Beach
1888
The Tønsberg Fjord
1888
On the Pier
1888
Man Binding Fishnet
1888
Karen Bjølstad
1888
Evening
1888
Summer Day on the Pier
1888
Laura and Inger in the Summer Sun
1888
Evening
1888
Inger in Sunshine
1888
At the General Store in Vrengen
1888
Andreas Bjølstad
1888
Aasta Carlsen
1888
Man Standing in the Doorway
1889
Karl Dørnberger
1889
Charlotte Dørnberger
1889
Georg Stang
1889
John Hazeland on his Deathbed
1889
Spring
1889
Hans Jæger
1889
From Karl Johan
1889
Music on Karl Johan
1889
Beach Landscape fromÅsgårdstrand
1889
Beach
1889
From Åsgårdstrand
1889
Beach Landscape
1889
Shore
1889
Summer Night. Inger on the Beach
1889
Summer Evening
1889
Summer
1889
Summer in Åsgårdstrand
1889
Morten Damme's House near Åsgardstrand
1889
Standing Female Nude
1889
A French Tavern (Two Men and a Woman)
1890
The Canal near Paris (with a Small Streamboat)
1890
A Woman (in Half-figure) with Landscape (Returned from Victoria terrasse)
1890
A Small Beach Study
1890
Night in Saint-Cloud
1890
The Seine at Saint-Cloud
1890
The Seine at Saint-Cloud
1890
The Seine at Saint-Cloud
1890
The Seine at Saint-Cloud
1890
The Seine at Saint-Cloud
1890
The Seine at Saint-Cloud
1890
The Seine at Saint-Cloud
1890
The Seine at Saint-Cloud
1890
The Seine at Saint-Cloud
1890
At the Wine Merchant's
1890
In the Bar
1890
In the Café
1890
Norwegian Spring Landscape
1890
Landscape
1890
The Streamboat Arrives
1890
Beach
1890
Spring Day on Karl Johan
1890
Sunny Day in Åsgårdstrand
1890
Garden Path
1890
Woman in Evening Landscape
1890
Landscape
1890
View from Hauketo
1890
View from Hauketo
1890
Landscape
1890
The Absinth Drinkers
1890
Two Children
1890
Under the Palm Trees in Nice
1891
Afternoon on the Promenade des Anglais
1891
Morning on the Promenade des Anglais
1891
Sunny Day in Nice
1891
Rooftops in Nice
1891
Night in Nice
1891
Fisherboy from Nice
1891
Boy's Head
1891
Young Woman in Blue
1891
Young Woman in Blue
1891
Model Scratching her Arm
1891
Rue Lafayette
1891
Rue de Rivoli
1891
Sunday in Åsgardstrand
1891
Young Blond Girl
1891
Summer Evening in Åsgardstrand
1891
In Open Air
1891
Summer
1891
Eroticism on a Summer Evening
1891
Karl Johan in the Rain
1891
Evening. Melancholy
1891
Woman in Blue against Blue Water
1891
Old Fisherman
1891
Pine Forest
1891
Summer Day in the Forest
1891
Forest Landscape
1891
From Nordstrand
1891
Landscape in Moonlight
1891
Woman by the Balustrade
1891
Inger in a White Blouse
1891
no:Jappe Nilssen
1891
Arve Arvesen
1891
Gunnar Heiberg
1891
Helge Rode
1891
Olga Buhre
1891
Alexandra Thaulow
1891
Kiss by the Window
1891
The Day After
1891
Munch Museum, Oslo, Norway
1892
Childhood Memory
1892
Gamblers in Monte Carlo
1892
Gamblers in Monte Carlo
1892
At the Roulette Table in Monte Carlo
1892
Sick Mood at Sunset. Despair
1892
Cypress in Moonlight
1892
Kiss by the Window
1892
The Kiss
1892
The Girl by the Window
1892
Woman Combing her Hair
1892
Woman Looking in the Mirror
1892
After the Bath
1892
From the Riviera
1892
From the Riviera
1892
Moonlight by the Mediterranean
1892
A Pine
1892
Trees by the Mediterranean
1892
From the Riviera
1892
Men Flocking round Women in Light Clothing
1892
Forest
1892
Moonlight on the Beach
1892
Mystery on the Shore
1892
Mystery on the Shore
1892
Two Human Beings. The Lonely Ones
1892
Melancholy
1892
Night in Saint-Cloud
1892
Night in Saint-Cloud
1892-93
Night in Saint-Cloud
1892
Vision
1892
The Water Lillies
1892-93
Evening on Karl Johan
1892
From Nordstrand
1892
On the Veranda
1892
Inger by the Window
1892
Inger in Black and Violet
1892
Seated Young Woman
1892
Autumn Rain
1892
Jakob Bratland
1892
Ludvig Meyer
1892
Thor Lütken
1892
Ragnhild andDagny Juel
1892-93
August Strindberg
1892
Night in Saint-Cloud
1893
The Girl by the Window
1893
Study of a Model
1893
Separation
1893
Woman with Red Hat
1893-94
Symbolic Study
1893-94
Portrait of a Man
1893-94
Woman's head against a red Background
1893-94
Self-Portrait under the Mask of a Woman
1893
Seated Nude and Grotesque Masque
1893
Sunrise in the Harbour
1893-94
Rosa and Amelie
1893
Sunrise in Åsgårdstrand
1893-94
Summer Night
1893
Melancholy
1893
Death at the Helm
1893
Summer Night. Mermaid
1893
Summer Night's Dream. The Voice
1893
Starry Night
1893
Starry Night
1893
Moonlight
1893
House in Moonlight
1893-95
The Storm
1893
Death and Spring
1893
The Angel of Death
1893
By the Deathbed. Fever
1893
Death in the Sickroom
1893
Death in the Sickroom
1893
Death in the Sickroom
1893
Vampire
1893
The Scream
1893
The Scream
1893
Vampire
1893
Vampire
1893
The Hands
1893-94
Dagny Juel Przybyszewska
1893
Helge Bäckström
1893
Minchen Torkildsen
1893
Ragnhild Bäkström
1894
Botho Graf Schwerin
1894
Ebehard von Bodenhausen
1894
Julius Meier-Graefe
1894
Separation
1894
Death and Life
1894
Puberty
1894
Puberty
1894-95
The Day After
1894
Vampire
1894
Selma Fontheim
1894
Selma Fontheim
1894
Nora Mengelberg
1894
Ludvig Meyer's Children
1894
Stanislaw Przybyszewski
1894
Inger in a Red Dress
1894
Bathing Women
1894
Bathers
1894
Bathing Boys
1894
Melancholy
1894
Melancholy
1894-96
Woman. Sphinx
1894
Woman
1894
Anxiety
1894
Despair
1894
Madonna
1894
Madonna
1894-95
Madonna
1895
Madonna
1895-97
Madonna
1895-97
Berlin Model
1895
Cabaret
1895
The Scream
1895
Vampire
1895
The Smell of Death
1895
The Smell of Death
1895
At the Deathbed
1895
Vampire
1895
Ashes
1895
Jealousy
1895
Beach in Åsgårdstrand
1895
Moonlight
1895
Self-Portrait with Cigarette
1895
Stanislaw Przybyszewski
1895
Oscar and Ingeborg Heiberg
1895-96
Half-Nude in a Black Skirt
1896
Study of a Nude
1896
Young Woman Washing herself
1896
Seated Nude against a Red Background
1896
Seated Nude with her Back Turned
1896
The Mermaid
1896
Summer Landscape
1896
The Sick Child
1896
Separation
1896
Summer Night. The Voice
1896
The Girl by the Window
1896-97
Bathing Woman
1896-97
The Kiss
1896-97
Women in a Swimming Pool
1896-97
Paul Herrmann and Paul Contard
1897
The Kiss
1897
The Kiss
1897
Inheritance
1897-99
Women in Hospital
1897
Mother and Daughter
1897-99
Two Women in a Landscape
1897-99
Old Man with a Beard
1897-99
Brothel Scene
1897-99
Hospital Ward
1897-99
Bathing Boys
1897-98
Bathing Boys
1897-99
Bathing Girls
1897-99
Bathing Children
1897-99
Bathing Boys
1897-99
Autumn
1897-98
Marie Helene Holmboe
1898
Female Portrait
1898-99
Dark-Haired Man and Red-Haired Woman
1898-99
Holger Drachmann
1898
Henrik Ibsenat theGrand Café
1898
Study of a Model
1898
Half-Nude in a Blue Skirt
1898
Nude
1898
Nude
1898
Two Women. Symbolic Study
1898
Sitting Nude by the Beach
1898
Man and Woman
1898
Nude in Profile towards the Right
1898
Metabolism
1898-99
Tulla Larsen
1898-99
Tulla Larsen
1898-99
Father and Son
1898
Seated Nude and Three Male Heads
1898-99
Tragedy
1898
Jealousy in the Bath
1898
Beach
1898
The Rainbow
1898
Woman by the Sea in Åsgardstrand
1898
House with Red Virginia Creeper
1898-99
House with Red Virginia Creeper
1898-99
Red Virginia Creeper
1898-1900
The Son
1904
The Coffin is Carried Out
1898-1900
Boulevard in Paris
1898-1900
Winter
1899-1900
Winter in the Woods, Nordstrand
1899
Death and the Child
1899
Death and the Child
1899
Landscape
1899
The Garden
1899
Munch's House and Studio in Åsgardstrand
1899
Munch's House in Åsgårdstrand
1899
Dark Spruce Forest
1899

创作特点编辑本段

爱德华·蒙克的画作
爱德华·蒙克多以生命、死亡、恋爱、恐怖和寂寞等为题材,用对比强烈的 线条、色块、简洁概括夸张的造型,抒发自己的感受和情绪;他的画风是德国和中欧的表现主义形成的前奏。
在爱德华·蒙克的画家生涯中,他多次改变艺术风格。在1880年代是自然派和半印象派。1892年树立了具个人特色的综合派原始画风,在此色彩成为一种象征,亦是种具有承载功能的元素。1890年代倾向选择景深较浅的作画空间,他经常把画中的人物安置在前台。

人物评价编辑本段

爱德华·蒙克的作品笔触大胆奔放、色彩艳丽丰富,但却给人强烈的刺激感,充满着紧张不安、压抑悲伤的情绪。爱德华·蒙克所描绘的世界是人类复杂的精神世界,他刻意表现死亡、忧郁和孤独,描写上世纪末的艺术家在充满矛盾与痛苦的现实中,其孤独的心灵对人生产生的怀疑和焦虑。
艺术史家称爱德华·蒙克为“世纪末”的艺术家,因为他的作品反映了欧洲整整一代人的精神生活面貌。在爱德华·蒙克生活的时代,再没有别的艺术能够像他那样深入到人的灵魂之中,把那心灵的美与丑一并展现给世人。也没有人敢于像他那样赤裸裸地描写人类本能的丑恶,使善良与罪恶并存,让美丽与丑陋共生。

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参考资料

[1].  爱德华·蒙克英文详细资料简介   
[2].  回顾蒙克往昔作品 纪念蒙克诞辰150周年   
[3].  挪威伟大的艺术家:爱德华·蒙克   
[4].  e.蒙克 简历 - 名人简历   
[5].  蒙克的《呐喊》想表达的是什么?   
[6].  爱德华·蒙克的“呐喊与回响”   
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